The museum is located on the site of the world's first and still functioning oil mine in Bóbrka. It has the form of an open-air museum and is the first of its kind in Europe. You can see here, among others characteristic towers and kiwony, 19th century oil wells, so-called kopanki, nineteenth-century mechanical workshop and manual drilling rig and commemorating the founding of the mine obelisk founded by Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1872. There is also a building of a former mine forge and the so-called Łukasiewicz's house with an attractive multimedia exhibition, a collection of kerosene lamps, photographs and a geological collection.
The founders of the mine existing since 1854 were Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Karol Klobassa-Zrencki and Tytus Trzecieski, while the Museum was established in 1972 by the Main Board of the Scientific and Technical Association of Engineers and Technicians of the Oil Industry. In addition to nineteenth-century exhibits, there are also currently used devices here. In the Exhibition Pavilion, put into use in 2000, you can see exhibitions devoted to the refining industry as well as oil and gas mining.
The institution publishes scientific and historical notebooks "Wiek Nafty", conducts scientific-research and educational activities.