The national museum was founded in 1817 by Samuel Brukenthal, the Habsburg governor of Transylvania. It is the oldest institution of this type in the country. Currently, the museum consists of six separate units, the main building is located in the historic Brukenthal Palace, built between 1778-1788. It is the most important baroque building in Transylvania.
The museum's collection includes about 1,200 paintings, mainly from the 15th and 18th centuries, and representing the main schools of European painting. They include works by Flemish, German, Austrian, Italian, French and Spanish artists from the Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo periods. Here you can see, among others paintings by Denis van Alsloot, Leonaert Bramer, Jacob Duck, Jan van Eyck and Peter Paul Rubens.