The national park covers the highest, middle part of the Stara Planina mountain range. It is an area lying at an altitude of 550 to 2376 m above sea level. There are 20 peaks reaching 2000 m or higher, cliffs, canyons, cliffs and waterfalls. There is also the deepest cave in the country, Rajczowa Asska, which is 377 meters deep.
A large part of the park is covered by centuries-old forests with beeches, spruces, firs, oaks and hornbeams. More than half of Bulgaria's flora is found here, including 10 species and 2 endemic subspecies, occurring only here.
The fauna of the park is exceptionally rich. 59 species of mammals, 123 species of birds, 22 species of reptiles and amphibians, and nearly 2,400 species of invertebrates live here. You can meet here, among others gray wolves, chamois, brown bears, wildcats, otters and gopher. In 2005, the park was recognized as an IBA bird sanctuary. The birds found here include endangered or endangered species, including horn horns, imperial eagles and rock partridges.